TRITURATORE PRIMARIO
TRITURATORE SECONDARIO
RDF (refuse derived fuel) production
PROMECO specializes in the design and realization of plants for the production of refuse derived fuel (RDF), by sorting and size reduction operations on waste from selective collection (paper, plastics, metals), multi-material selected waste and waste (bulky) similar to municipal.
A set of mechanical and manual classification and sorting operations allows the separation of a the “heavy” fraction (materials having higher weight and larger size, such as inorganic, metals, inert, glass, etc..) destined for landfill, and the “light” fraction (mainly plastic and paper with low specific gravity). The last is used for the production of RDF.
Advantages of PROMECO RDF production systems are:
- Possibility of using as fuel only the fractions with higher calorific value, so to produce a RDF of "quality" comparable to the specifications outlined in the UNI 9903-1
- Getting a “stabilized” RDF, that for shape and density can be temporarily stored, allowing more flexibility in the management of production operations and in the conveyance of the product. This "unties" the value of RDF by the in the short term needs of users, enabling to defer the conveyance according to market demands
- Recovering of some valuable materials for recycling
- Limiting landfill only to fractions or unsuitable material recovery or energy recovery, with reduced volumes from the preliminary grinding
Description of the process
Process phases are:
- Pre-Shredding, for an initial reduction in size of the material
- Ballistic separator, sorting the heavier fraction destined for landfill or incineration from the light fraction, more suitable for the production of RDF
- On the “heavier” fraction:
- Magnetic separator for the recovery of ferrous materials in the “heavier” waste stream
- PRESSING waste to landfill to reduce its volume
- On the lighter fraction
- Magnetic separation to sort out ferrous metals
- Eddie Current separation to sort non-ferrous metals
- Manual or automatic sorting for the capture of chlorinated plastics – if any
- Secondary shredding, to achieve a further reduction in size
Promeco experience in the manufacturing of machines for the agglomeration/densification of various materials and waste (see PES systems - Promeco Extrusion Systems ) allows to complete the process obtaining a densified product with significant advantages in terms of ease of storage, reduction of transportation costs, rising of the finished product LHV (lower heating value).
The plant scheme in the figure includes also the machines implementing two additional stages of the process:
- PRODUCTION OF BRIQUETTES, allowing to densify and to establish the shape and density of the RDF
- PRODUCT PACKAGING
Characteristics of the RDF according to UNI 9903
| Main Features | RDF high quality UNI 9903 (Table 2) |
RDF normal quality UNI 9903 (Table 1) and DM 05/02/98 |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Physical Appearance | - | - | |
| Weight | mm | - | - |
| PCI | KJ / kg square (as is) | > 20,000 | > 15,000 |
| Humidity | tq | < 18% | < 25% |
| Chlorine | ss (dry matter) | < 0.7% | < 0.9%* |
| Sulfur | ss | < 0.3% | < 0.6%* |
| Ashes | ss | < 15% | < 20% |
| Chrome | mg / kg dm | < 70 | < 100 |
| Copper | mg / kg dm | < 50 | < 300 |
| Manganese | mg / kg dm | < 200 | < 400 |
| Nickel | mg / kg dm | < 30 | < 40 |
| Arsenic | mg / kg dm | < 5 | < 9 |
| Cadmium | mg / kg dm | < 3 | < 7 |
| Mercury | mg / kg dm | < 1 | |
| Lead-volatile | mg / kg dm | < 100 | < 200 |
| * Value % on the material as it is | |||
Use of the RDF
The higher quality RDF obtainable is used to produce energy in installations such as:
- Incinerators
- Cement kilns
- Coal-fired power plants
- Plants that use other innovative technologies to incinerate waste (pyrolysis, plasma gassification)
